Part AOutcome blind

Capital Allocation · Decision packet

GE portfolio complexity and Alstom energy-asset decision

Should GE authorize a binding offer for Alstom Power and Grid subject to strict price and risk gates, pursue a narrower Grid or joint-venture structure, or reject the transaction and continue simplification?

Knowledge cutoffApril 23, 2014 at 3:59 AM

Outcome-blind packet. The information set closes at 11:59:59 p.m. EDT on April 22, 2014. Rumors, offer terms, negotiated structures, legal dispositions, closing information and later operating outcomes are excluded.

Decision frame

GE's board must decide whether to authorize a binding full-scope offer for Alstom Power and Grid subject to strict gates, pursue a narrower Grid or joint-venture structure, or make no offer and continue simplification. The public record does not contain an executable price, funding package, quality-of-earnings bridge, contract-liability schedule or independently tested integration plan. It therefore cannot support a deterministic transaction return or GE target price. [claim.ge.cutoff.full-deal-terms-unknown; claim.ge.cutoff.no-valuation]

The underwriting objective is narrower than deciding whether the assets are strategically interesting. It is to determine which commitment preserves upside while preventing unsupported price, market, cash-quality, compliance, integration and funding assumptions from becoming irreversible.

Reference class and business model

GE itself warned that acquisitions and joint ventures can miss expected returns because of integration and collaboration problems involving people and technology and can add operational, financial, legal and compliance risk. The cutoff record contains no verified base-rate dataset for multi-jurisdiction industrial combinations of this scale. source · ge.2013-10k

The strategic attraction is an installed-base equipment-and-services model. GE Power & Water reported $64.6 billion of backlog at year-end 2013: $11.4 billion of equipment and $53.2 billion of services. But GE also cautioned that backlog orders can be cancelled or deferred. Backlog is therefore evidence of commercial position, not guaranteed revenue, margin or cash. source · ge.2013-10k

Alstom likewise had a large reported backlog, but the target's recent free-cash-flow reversal, higher reported net debt and restructuring targets make contract-level cash quality decisive. A buyer must reconcile downpayments, cancellations, warranties, liquidated damages, working capital, service obligations and restructuring cash by contract cohort before treating orders as value. source · reuters.2013-alstom-restructuring

GE financial reconstruction

Amounts below are USD millions and preserve the filing vintage available at the cutoff.

GE as reportedFY2012FY2013
Revenue and other income146,684146,045
Continuing earnings attributable to GE14,62415,177
Net earnings attributable to GE13,64113,057

Source: GE 2013 Form 10-K. source · ge.2013-10k

The consolidated figures show scale and continuing profitability, but they do not remove portfolio complexity. GE's management presentation combined industrial and GE Capital segments whose measures are not additive substitutes for consolidated GAAP results. [claim.ge.cutoff.consolidated-scale; claim.ge.cutoff.portfolio-complexity]

Management segment measure (USDm)FY2012FY2013
Total industrial segment revenue102,811103,602
Total industrial segment profit15,48616,220
GE Capital segment revenue45,36444,067
GE Capital segment profit7,3458,258
Power & Water segment revenue28,29924,724
Power & Water segment profit5,4224,992

Source: GE 2013 Form 10-K. source · ge.2013-10k

Power & Water's annual revenue and profit decline is important counterevidence to a large thermal-power commitment. The latest quarter points the other way: Q1 2014 Power & Water revenue increased to $5.509 billion from $4.825 billion and segment profit increased to $888 million from $719 million. One quarter does not resolve whether the annual decline or the rebound is the better forward indicator. source · ge.2014-q1-results

Alstom financial reconstruction

Alstom's fiscal 2012/13 base was profitable: €23.8 billion of orders, €20.3 billion of sales, €1.463 billion of income from operations, a 7.2% operating margin, €802 million of net result and €408 million of issuer-defined free cash flow. source · alstom.2013-annual-results

The next reported half-year weakened materially. Orders were down 22% to €9.4 billion; sales were €9.7 billion; income from operations was approximately €700 million at a 7.1% margin; net profit was €375 million; and issuer-defined free cash flow was negative €511 million. source · alstom.2014-h1-results

Reuters reported net debt of €3.29 billion at September 2013 versus €2.87 billion a year earlier and backlog of €51 billion, roughly 30 months of sales. Management targeted €1.5 billion of annual savings by April 2016 and €1–€2 billion of disposal proceeds. Those are targets, not realized cash or acquisition value. source · reuters.2013-alstom-restructuring

Liquidity and funding boundary

GE reported $88.6 billion of consolidated cash and equivalents at December 31, 2013, but $13.7 billion was held at GE and $74.9 billion at GECC. The consolidated amount cannot be treated as unrestricted acquisition cash at the industrial parent without a treasury, regulatory-capital and stress-liquidity bridge. source · ge.2013-10k

GE reported $14.3 billion of GE CFOA in 2013 and $1.750 billion in Q1 2014. The Q1 release also presented issuer-defined Industrial CFOA of $1.250 billion after excluding GECC dividends. The measures must remain separate because their scopes differ. source · ge.2013-10k source · ge.2014-q1-results

Any offer requires a signed funding schedule that preserves industrial liquidity, pension, covenant, rating and downside reserves and does not assume unavailable GECC cash. [assumption.ge.cutoff.funding-ring-fence]

Industry and disconfirming evidence

Contemporaneous reporting described a shortage of large orders, especially in thermal power, as utilities delayed spending in a sluggish economy. This outside view conflicts with GE's latest quarterly rebound and large backlog and should be tested with customer utilization, cancellations, pricing and financing data rather than resolved by narrative. source · reuters.2013-alstom-restructuring

Before the cutoff, Reuters also reported that three current or former executives of Alstom's U.S. arm had been charged in an alleged Indonesian bribery scheme. That report is a public compliance-diligence trigger. It is not adjudicated guilt of Alstom S.A. and does not quantify a liability. source · reuters.2013-alstom-bribery-charges

The board should require counsel-led forensic work on intermediaries, jurisdictions, contracts, controls, investigations, reserves, indemnities and remediation before any full-scope commitment. [assumption.ge.cutoff.compliance-exposure-bounded]

Alternatives and scenarios

Three alternatives remain live:

  1. Authorize a full Power and Grid offer only after a maximum price, normalized downside return, funding, integration, compliance, liability and regulatory package clears.
  2. Pursue a smaller, staged or jointly owned Grid-centered structure with explicit control, put, exposure-cap and stop rights.
  3. Make no offer and continue organic Power investment and portfolio simplification.

The qualitative scenario weights are 30% for a full combination that clears every gate and benefits from demand normalization, 40% for a narrower structure that captures selected strategic value while preserving optionality, and 30% for a downside in which demand, cash-quality, compliance or integration exposure breaches a gate. These are judgments, not empirical base rates; no valuation model is run.

Recommendation

Prefer the narrower Grid or joint-venture structure. Expand beyond it only after an independent team proves that the full-scope transaction's downside cash return dominates both the narrower structure and rejection after price, financing, taxes, pensions, restructuring, integration, dis-synergies and liabilities. Confidence is moderate. [judgment.ge.cutoff.prefer-narrower-structure]

Reverse or reject if any of the following occurs:

  • Normalized downside cash returns do not clear the board's precommitted hurdle at the final price.
  • Forensic work cannot bound compliance exposure, controls remediation and indemnity collectability.
  • Contract cohorts do not reconcile backlog, downpayments, pricing, warranty and service cash economics.
  • Funding depends on unavailable GECC cash or breaches industrial liquidity, pension, covenant, rating or stress reserves.
  • A full-scope integration workstream lacks an accountable owner, funded plan or downside contingency.

Leading indicators

Monitor, at minimum, the deterministic downside return at every price or scope change; target cash conversion by contract cohort; equipment and service demand, cancellations, utilization and price; integration readiness; compliance exceptions and reserve changes; industrial-parent liquidity; and joint-venture governance exposure. Each indicator needs a predeclared stop or reprice threshold, not a retrospective explanation.

Material unknowns and abstention

The decision-critical missing evidence is the executable scope and price; a deterministic transaction-return model; independent quality of earnings and cash; contract-level backlog and liability schedules; customer utilization and demand scenarios; forensic compliance diligence; and pension, environmental, product, tax, litigation and off-balance-sheet liability schedules.

Until those inputs exist with source-to-output lineage, the packet abstains from a target price, a synergy value and a claim that a full transaction creates value. [claim.ge.cutoff.no-valuation]

As reported at the cutoff

Financial and operating evidence

12 tables

Values are carried from the checked research packet with their original units, periods, scope, and reporting status. “Not established” is preserved rather than estimated.

GE consolidated resultsAs Reported At Cutoff · USDm
MeasureFY2012FY2013
Revenues and other income146,6841146,0451
Continuing earnings attributable to GE14,624115,1771
Net earnings attributable to GE13,641113,0571
USD · USDmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
GE management segment measuresAs Reported At Cutoff · USDm
MeasureFY2012FY2013
Total industrial segment revenue102,8111103,6021
Total industrial segment profit15,486116,2201
GE Capital segment revenue45,364144,0671
GE Capital segment profit7,34518,2581
Power & Water segment revenue28,299124,7241
Power & Water segment profit5,42214,9921
USD · USDmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Cash and equivalents by reporting scope at December 31, 2013As Reported At Cutoff · USDm
MeasureDecember 31, 2013
Consolidated cash and equivalents88,6001
Cash held at GE13,7001
Cash held at GECC74,9001
USD · USDmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Power & Water backlog at December 31, 2013As Reported At Cutoff · USDm
MeasureDecember 31, 2013
Total backlog64,6001
Equipment backlog11,4001
Services backlog53,2001
USD · USDmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Latest reported first-quarter operating contextAs Reported At Cutoff · USDm
MeasureQ1 2013Q1 2014
Consolidated revenue and other income34,943134,1781
Total industrial segment revenue22,674124,5491
Total industrial segment profit2,93613,2791
Power & Water segment revenue4,82515,5091
Power & Water segment profit71918881
USD · USDmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Reported GE cash from operating activities for Q1 2014As Reported At Cutoff · USDm
MeasureQ1 2014
Cash from GE operating activities, continuing operations1,7501
USD · USDmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Issuer-defined Industrial CFOA for Q1 2014Issuer Adjusted · USDm
MeasureQ1 2014
Industrial CFOA1,2501
USD · USDmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Alstom fiscal 2012/13 reported performanceAs Reported At Cutoff · EURm
MeasureFY2012/13
Orders23,8001
Sales20,3001
Income from operations1,4631
Net result8021
Free cash flow4081
EUR · EURmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Alstom first-half fiscal 2013/14 reported performanceAs Reported At Cutoff · EURm
MeasureH1 FY2013/14
Orders9,4001
Sales9,7001
Approximate income from operations7001
Net profit3751
Free cash flow-5111
EUR · EURmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Alstom reported operating marginAs Reported At Cutoff · percent
MeasureFY2012/13H1 FY2013/14
Operating margin7.217.11
percentReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Alstom reported net debtAs Reported At Cutoff · EURm
MeasureSeptember 30, 2012September 30, 2013
Net debt2,87013,2901
EUR · EURmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.
Alstom order backlog at September 30, 2013As Reported At Cutoff · EURm
MeasureSeptember 30, 2013
Order backlog51,0001
EUR · EURmReported values remain strings; no browser-side recalculation.

Lineage

Sources available at the cutoff

6 records

Only these records were permitted inside the outcome-blind packet. Links lead to the publisher or filing archive; raw retrieved documents and excerpts are not republished here.

T1

src.ge.2013-10k

General Electric Company Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2013

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · Feb 27, 2014

Regulatory FilingPrimaryContemporaneous

Used for: Cutoff-valid consolidated, segment, liquidity and cash-flow reconstruction · Pre-decision Power & Water backlog and operating context · Management's disclosed acquisition, joint-venture and compliance risks

T1

src.ge.2014-q1-results

General Electric first-quarter 2014 financial results

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission · Apr 17, 2014

Regulatory FilingPrimaryContemporaneous

Used for: Latest cutoff-valid GE financial and segment results · Power & Water momentum, backlog and GE Capital size · Reconciliation of issuer-defined Industrial CFOA to reported GE operating cash flow

T2

src.alstom.2014-h1-results

Alstom's first half of 2013/14

Alstom S.A. · Nov 6, 2013

Issuer DisclosurePrimaryContemporaneous

Used for: Latest cutoff-valid Alstom order, sales, profitability and free-cash-flow context · Management's cost-saving and asset-disposal response · Evidence of thermal-power large-order weakness

T3

src.reuters.2013-alstom-restructuring

Alstom to cut 1,300 jobs, sell part of transport unit

Reuters, syndicated by MarketScreener · Nov 6, 2013

Reputable NewsSecondaryContemporaneous

Used for: Independent pre-decision context on Alstom net debt, backlog, free cash flow and restructuring · Thermal-power demand and large-order reference-class context

T3

src.reuters.2013-alstom-bribery-charges

Prosecutors add third executive to Alstom bribery case

Reuters, syndicated by Thomson Reuters Foundation · May 1, 2013

Reputable NewsSecondaryContemporaneous

Used for: Independent evidence that executive charges and bribery allegations were publicly known before the decision · Compliance-diligence trigger without treating allegations as adjudicated company guilt

Decision recorded?

Now test it against the outcome.

Reveal Part B